Dogs can’t tell us when they’re feeling unwell. Unlike humans, they can’t say “I have a stomachache” or “I feel weak.” That’s why it’s crucial for pet owners to learn how to read the subtle (and sometimes obvious) signs that may indicate illness in their furry friends. Recognising the early warning signs and taking prompt action can make a significant difference in your dog’s health and recovery.
This article will guide you through key symptoms of sickness in dogs, what to watch for, and when it’s time to visit the vet.
1. Your Dog Seems Tired or Lethargic
One of the most common signs of illness in dogs is a change in energy level. If your dog is suddenly less playful, sleeps more than usual, or doesn’t respond to things that normally excite them (like going for walks or hearing their favourite toy), it could be a sign of illness.
Lethargy can be caused by a variety of health issues ranging from mild infections to serious diseases like heart conditions or internal inflammation. If this behaviour continues for more than a day, a vet visit is a good idea.
2. Loss of Appetite or Refusal to Eat
Dogs are usually enthusiastic eaters. If your pup suddenly becomes picky or refuses food altogether, this should raise a red flag. A sudden loss of appetite may signal problems such as:
- Gastrointestinal infections
- Dental issues
- Liver or kidney disease
- Emotional distress
While skipping one meal isn’t always cause for concern, skipping multiple meals—especially combined with other symptoms—definitely warrants a vet visit.
3. Dry Nose or Unusual Nose Appearance
A healthy dog’s nose is typically cool and slightly moist. If your dog’s nose appears dry, cracked, flaky, or pale, it could be a sign of dehydration, fever, or underlying illness. Some dogs naturally have drier noses at times, but persistent changes should be monitored.
4. Abnormal Breathing
If your dog is breathing heavily, panting excessively without exercise, wheezing, or making strange noises while breathing, there could be an issue with the respiratory system. Conditions such as bronchitis, pneumonia, heart disease, or even airway blockages could be the cause.
Difficulty breathing should never be ignored. It can escalate quickly and become life-threatening.
5. Fever or Increased Body Temperature
A dog’s normal body temperature ranges from 37.5°C to 39.2°C. If your dog feels noticeably hot to the touch—especially around the ears, paws, or belly—it could indicate a fever. Additional signs of fever include shivering, coughing, lack of energy, or warm, dry nose.
Always consult your vet if your dog has a high temperature, as it’s often a response to infection or inflammation.
6. Sudden Weight Loss or Body Changes
If your dog is eating normally but appears to be losing weight or looks thinner than usual, this could be a sign of a chronic illness such as:
- Diabetes
- Thyroid problems
- Cancer
- Digestive disorders
Rapid weight loss or changes in body condition are not normal and should always be evaluated by a vet.
7. Vomiting or Diarrhoea (Especially Repeatedly)
An occasional upset stomach might not be serious, especially if it clears up quickly. However, repeated vomiting or diarrhoea—especially more than two or three times in a day—can indicate:
- Gastrointestinal infections
- Parasites
- Food poisoning or toxins
- Internal organ issues
Persistent vomiting and diarrhoea can also lead to dangerous dehydration. If you see blood, or if your dog is also lethargic or feverish, take them to the vet immediately.
8. Pale, Yellow, or Abnormal Gums
Your dog’s gums can be a window into their internal health. Healthy gums are usually pink. If you notice:
- Pale or white gums – may indicate anaemia or blood loss
- Yellow gums – may signal liver disease or jaundice
- Bright red or inflamed gums – could point to dental infection or fever
Check your dog’s gums regularly as part of a general health check at home.
9. Excessive Scratching, Licking, or Chewing
If your dog is constantly scratching, licking, or chewing a certain spot on their body, it might be more than just a harmless itch. Common causes include:
- Allergies
- Fleas or ticks
- Skin infections (bacterial, fungal, or parasitic)
- Pain or discomfort in the affected area
This behaviour can lead to open wounds, hair loss, or infections, so it’s important to investigate and address the underlying cause.
10. Visible Skin Problems: Rashes, Lumps, or Sores
Unusual skin conditions such as:
- Red, inflamed rashes
- Blisters or pus-filled sores
- Lumps or bumps under the skin
…may be signs of infection, allergic reaction, or more serious issues like tumours. Don’t attempt to self-treat skin conditions with over-the-counter ointments without veterinary advice, as some may make it worse.
11. Sudden Behavioural Changes
Your dog’s personality is one of their most unique traits. If your normally gentle dog becomes aggressive, anxious, withdrawn, or refuses to be touched, it may be because of:
- Pain
- Neurological disorders
- Fear or trauma
- Illness affecting their comfort
Behaviour changes can be early signs of health problems that aren’t immediately visible.
What to Do If You Suspect Your Dog Is Sick
If your dog shows any of the signs mentioned above, here are a few essential tips:
1. Don’t Self-Diagnose or Medicate
Avoid giving human medicine or pet supplements without consulting a vet. Some human medications can be toxic to dogs, and improper treatment can worsen the condition.
2. Monitor and Record Symptoms
Keep track of when the symptoms started, how often they occur, and any changes in appetite, behaviour, or appearance. This information will be valuable for your vet.
3. Contact Your Veterinarian Promptly
For mild symptoms, schedule an appointment with your regular vet. For more serious issues such as:
- Difficulty breathing
- Seizures
- Loss of consciousness
- Constant vomiting or diarrhoea
- Severe lethargy
…go to an emergency veterinary clinic immediately.
Preventive Care Is the Best Care
While it’s essential to react to signs of illness quickly, prevention is always better than cure. Here’s how you can keep your dog in good health:
- Schedule regular vet checkups
- Keep up with vaccinations
- Administer monthly flea, tick, and worm prevention
- Feed a balanced, nutritious diet
- Ensure plenty of exercise and mental stimulation
And, most importantly, spend quality time with your dog. The better you know them, the more easily you’ll notice when something is wrong.
Final Thoughts
Our dogs depend on us to protect them and keep them healthy. Since they can’t speak, it’s our responsibility to observe, interpret, and act when something seems off. From subtle behavioural changes to visible symptoms like vomiting or skin issues, every sign can be a clue.
By staying alert and proactive, you can help ensure your furry friend gets the medical attention they need—right when they need it. A healthy dog is a happy companion, and your early action could be the key to giving them a longer, more comfortable life.
